The Pali Text Society's
Pali-English
Dictionary
EDITED BY
T.W. RHYS DAVIDS F.B.A. D.Sc. Ph.D. LL.D. D.Litt
and WILLIAM STEDE Ph.D.
[1921-1925]
This version of the PTS Dictionary is (ultimately) derived from the digitized on-line version which is based on the 1921 Rhys Davids and Stede edition.
It was extracted from Digital Pali Reader by Ven. Nandiya, and some additional corrections and improvements have been made. Even a cursory glance will reveal that many errors remain. For example, the greek roots, almost unreadable even in the paper edition, are ascii-garbage. Some characters have been incorrectly digitized, but this is not common. If in doubt, check the paper edition.
Both the DPR version, and this version, have been created without permission, however, all english translations by the PTS have been released from copyright, hence, it should be legal to use.
Pāli alphabet used in this dictionary:
a ā i ī u ū e o ṁ k kh g gh ṅ c ch j jh ñ ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l ḷ v s h
Note:
ŋ is replaced with ṁ in this edition.
A. LIST OF THE CHIEF BOOKS consulted for Vocabulary
(with
Abbreviations).
1. PALI BOOKS.
1a Canonical.
Anguttara-Nikaya 5 vols. PTS. 18S5—1900 (A). Buddha-Vaṁsa PTS. 1882 (Bu). Cariyā-Piṭaka PTS. 1882 (Cp.). Dhammapada PTS. 1914 (Dh). Dhamma-Sangaṇi PTS. 1885 (Dhs). Digha-Nikāya 3 vols. PTS. (D). Iti-vuttaka PTS. 1890 (It.). Kathā-Vatthu 2 vols. PTS. 1894, 95 (Kvu). Khuddaka-Pāṭha PTS. 1915 (Kh). Majjhima-Nikāya 3 vols. PTS. 1887—1902 (M). Niddesa I Maha° 2 vols. PTS. 1916, 17 (Nd1). |
Niddesa II Culla° PTS. 191S (Nd2). Paṭisambhidāmagga 2 vols. PTS. 1905, 1907 (Ps). Peta-Vatthu PTS. 1889 (Pv). Puggala-Paññatti PTS. 1883 (Pug). Saṁyutta-Nikāya 5 vols. PTS. 1884—1898 (S). Sutta-Nipāta PTS. 1913 (Sn). Thera-therīgāthā PTS. 1883 (Th 1) & (Th 2). Udāna PTS. 1S85 (Ud). Vibhanga PTS. 1904 (Vbh). Vimāna-Vatthu PTS. 1886 (Vv). Vinaya-Piṭaka 5 vols. London 1S79—83 (Vin). |
1b Post-Canonical.
Atthasālinī, PTS. 1897 (DhsA). Buddhadatta's Manuals, PTS. 1915 (Bdhd). Dāṭhāvaṁsa, J PTS. 1884 (Dāvs). Dhammapada Commentary, 4 vols. PTS. 1906—14 (DhA). Dīpavaṁsa, London 1879 (Dpvs). Jātaka, 6 vols. London 1877—90 (J). Khuddaka-Pāṭha Cnmmentary, PTS. 1915 (KhA). Mahāvaṁsa, PTS. 1908 (Mhvs). Mahā-Bodhi-Vaṁsa, PTS. 1891 (Mhbv). Milindapañha, London 1880 (Miln). |
Netti-Pakaraṇa, PTS. 1902 (Nett). Pañca-gati-dīpana, J PTS. 1884 (Pgdp). Peta-Vatthu Commentary, PTS. 1894 (PvA). Puggala-Paññatti Commentary, J PTS. 1914 (Pug A). Saddhammopāyana, J PTS. 1S87 (Sdhp). Sumangala-Vilāsinī, vol. I, PTS. 1886 (DA 1). Sutta-Nipāta Commentary, 2 vols. PTS. 1916—17 (SnA). Therīgāthā Commentary, PTS. 1891 (ThA). Vimāna-Vatthu Commentary, PTS. 1901 (VvA). Visuddhi-Magga, 2 vols. PTS. 1920—21 (Vism). |
Note. The systemadopted in quotations of passages fromPali text is that
proposed in J PTS. 1909, pp. 385—87, with thismodification that Peta-vatthu
(Pv) is quoted by canto and verse, and Culla-Niddesa (Nd2) by number of word in
"Explanatory Matter".
2. BUDDHIST SANSKRIT.
Avadāna-śataka,
ed. J. S. Speyer (Bibl. Buddhica III), 2 vols., St. Petersbourg 1906. (Av.
Ś.).
Divyâvadāna, ed. Cowell & Neill, Cambridge 1886. (Divy).
Jātaka-mālā, ed. H. Kern (Haward Or. Ser. I), Boston 1891.
(Jtm).
Lalita-vistara, ed. S. Lefmann, I. Halle 1902. (Lai. V.).
Mahā-vastu, ed. É. Senart, 3 vols., Paris 1882—1897.
Śikṣā-samuccaya. Ed. C.
Bendall. St. Petersburg, 1902 (Śikṣ).
3. TRANSLATIONS.
Buddh. Manual of Psychological
Ethics (trsl. of the Dhamma-sangani) by Mrs. Rhys Davids (R. As. Soc. Trsl.
Fund XII), London 1900. (Dhs trsl.).
Compendium of Philosophy (trsl. of the Abhidhamm' attha-sangaha) by S. Z. Aung
andMrs. Rhys Davids, PTS. Trsl. 1910. (Cpd.).
Dialogues of the Buddha, trsl. by T. W. and C. A. F. Rhys Davids, London I.
1899; II. 1910; III. 1921. (Dial.).
Expositor (trsl. of the Attha-sālinī), by Maung Tin, PTS. Trsl. 1920,
21.
Kathāvatthu trsl. ("Points of Controversy"), by Aung and Mrs.
Rhys Davids, PTS. Trsl. 1915. (Kvu trsl.).
Kindred Sayings (Saṁyutta Nikāya I), by Mrs.
Rhys Davids, PTS. Trsl. 1917. (KS.).
Mahāvaṁsa trsl. by W. Geiger, PTS.
Trsl. 1912.
Manual of a Mystic (Yogâvacara), trs. by F. L. Woodward, PTS. Trsl. 1916.
(Mystic).
Neumann, K. E., Lieder der Mönche und Nonnen, Berlin 1899.
Psalms of the Brethren (trsl. Mrs. Rhys Davids), PTS. Trsl. 1913.
„ „ „ Sisters ( „ „ „ „ ), „ „ 1909.
Questions of Milinda (trsl. T. W. Rhys Davids), SBE. vols. 35, 36.
Vinaya Texts (trsl. Rhys Davids & Oldenberg), „ „ „ , 13, 17, 20.
4.
GRAMMATICAL & OTHER LITERATURE;
PERIODICALS, ETC.
Abhidhānappadīpikā,
ed. W. Subhuti, Colombo1 1883. (Abhp.).
Andersen, D., A
Pali Reader, 2 pts; Copenhagen 1901, 1907.
Aufrecht, Th., Halāyudha's Abhidhāna-ratna-mālā, London 1861.
Brugmann, K., Kurze vergleichende Grammatik der indogerm. Sprachen, Strass-burg 1902.
Childers, R. C, A Dictionary of the Pali Language, London 1874.
Geiger, W., Pali Literatur und Sprache, Strassburg 1916. (Geiger, P. Gr.).
Grassmann, W., Wörterbuch zum Rig Veda, Leipzig 1873.
Journal of the American Oriental Society (J A0S.).
„ Asiatique, Paris (J. As.).
„ of the Pāli Text Society (J PTS.).
„ „ „ Royal Asiatic Society, London (J RAS.).
Kaccāyana-ppakaraṇa, ed. & trsl. Senart (J. As. 1871) (Kacc).
Kern, H., Toevocgselen op 't Woordenboek van Childers; 2 pts (Verhandelingen Kon. Ak. van
Wetenschappen te
Amsterdam N. R. XVI, 5), Amsterdam 1916. (Toev.).
Kuhn's Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (KZ.).
Mahāvyutpatti, ed. Mironow (Bibl. Buddhica XIII) St. Pétersbourg 1910, 11. (Mvyut).
Muller, Ed., Simplified Grammar of the Pali Language, London 1884.
Trenckner, V., Notes on the Milindapañho, in J PTS. 1908, 102 sq.
Uhlenbeck, H., Kurzgefasstes Etym. Wörterbuch d. Altindischen Sprache, Amsterdam 1898.
Walde, A., Lateinisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg2 1910.
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlāndischen Gesellschaft, Leipzig 1847 sq. (ZDMS.).
B. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
1. Titles Of Books (the no. refers to section of
A).
A Anguttara. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1a Abhp Abhidhānappadīpikā. . . . 4 Ap Apadāna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1a Av. Ś. Avadana-śataka. . . . . . . . . 2 Bdhd Buddhadatta. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Brethren: see Psalms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Bu Buddha-vaṁsa. . . . . . . . . . 1a Cp Cariya-pitaka . . . . . . . . . . . .1a Cpd Compendium . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 D Digha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .la Dāvs Daṭha-vaṁsa . . . . . . . . . . . . 1b Dh Dhammapada. . . . . . . . . . . 1a Dhs Dhammasangani. . . . . . . . .1a Dhs trsl. Atthasālini. . . . . . . . . . . .3 Dial. Dialogues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Divy Divyāvadana. . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Dpvs Dipavamsa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1b Halāyudha: see Aufrecht . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 It Itivuttaka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1a J Jataka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1b J.A.O.S. Journal Amer. Or. Soc. . . . . . 4 J.As. „ Asiatique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 J.P.T.S. „ Pali Text Soc. . . . . . . . . . . . 4 J.R.A.S. „ Royal Asiatic Soc. . . . . . . . 4 Jtm Jatakamālā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Kacc Kaccāyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Kh Khuddakapatha . . . . . . . . .1a ḰS Kindred Sayings . . . . . . . . . 3 Kvu Kathavatthu . . . . . . . . . . . .1a KZ Kuhn's Zeitschrift . . . . . . . .4 Lal.V. Lalita Vistara . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 |
Mystic: see Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Nd1 Mahāniddesa . . . . . . . . . . . .1a Nd2 Cullaniddesa . . . . . . . . . . . 1a Nett Netti-pakarana . . . . . . . . . . 1b M Majjhima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1a Mhbv Mahābodhi-varjsa . . . . . . . .1b Mhvs Mahāvarjsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1b Miln Milinda-pañha . . . . . . . . . .1b M Vastu Mahā-vastu . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Mvyut Mahāvyutpatti . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Ps Paṭisambhidā-magga . . . . . . 1a Pug Puggala-paññatti. . . . . . . . . . .la Pv Petavatthu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .la Pgdp Pañcagati-dīpana . . . . . . . .1b S Saṁyutta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1a SBE Sacred Books of the East. . . . .3 Sdhp Saddhammopāyana. . . . . . . .lb Siks Siksasamuccaya . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Sisters: see Psalms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Sn Sutta-nipāta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .la Th 1 Theragathā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1a Th 2 Therīgatha . . . . . . . . . . . . . .la Toev. Toevoegselen . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Ud Udāna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1a Vbh Vibhanga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1a Vin Vinaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1a Vism Visuddhi-magga . . . . . . . .1b Vv Vimānavatthu . . . . . . . . . 1d ZDMG. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlāndischen Gesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 |
2. General & grammatical terms.
A in combn with a Title-letter (e.g. DhA) = Commentary (on Dh). abl. ablative abs. absolute(ly) abstr. abstract ace. accusative act. active add. addition adj. adjective adv. adverb Ags. Anglo-Saxon aor. aorist appl. applied art. article attr. attribute Av. Avesta BB Burmese MSS bef. before BSk. Buddhist Sanskrit C(&Cy) Commentary (when cited in expln of a Text passage). caus. causative cert. certain coll. collective combd, combn combined, combination comp. comparative, comparison, composition cons. consonant corr. correct(ed) correl. correlation, correlative cp. compare cpd. compound dat. dative den. denominative der. derived, derivation des. desiderative dial. dialect(ical) diff. different dist. distinct, distinguished E. English e.g. for instance encl. enclitic ep. epithet esp. especially etym. etymology exc. except excl. exclamation, exclusive expl. explanation, explained |
f. feminine fig. figurative(ly) foil. following form. formation fr. from freq. frequently, Frequentative fut. future Gall. Gallic gen. genitive ger. gerund Ger. German Goth. Gothic Gr. Greek gram. grammar, °atical grd. gerundive ibid. at the same passage id. the same id.p. identical passage i.e. that is i.g. in general imper. imperative impers. impersonal impf. imperfect Ind. Index ind. indicative indecl. indeclinable indef. indefinite inf. infinitive instr. instrumental interr. interrogative intrs. intransitive iter. iterative Lat. Latin 1.c. loco citato lit. literal(ly), literary Lit. Lithuanian loc. locative m. masculine med. medium (middle) N. Name n. noun, note nom. nominative Np. Name of person Npl. „ „ place nt. neuter num. numeral Obulg. Old-bulgarian Ohg. Old-high-german Oicel. „ -icelandic Oir. „ -irish |
onom. onomatopoetic opp. opposed, opposite ord. ordinal, ordinary orig. original(ly) P. Pali part. particle pass passive perf. perfect pers. personal pi. plural pop. popular poss. possessive pot. potential pp. past participle ppr. present „ prec. preceding pred. predicative pref. prefix prep. preposition pres. present pret. preterite Prk. Prakrit prob. probably pron. pronoun pt. part PTS. Pali Text Society q.v. quod vide (which see) ref. reference, referred refl. reflexive rel. relation, relative sep. separate(ly) sg. singular Sk. Sanskrit sq. and following SS. Singhalese MSS. ster. stereotype suff. suffix sup. superlative s.v. sub voce (under the word mentioned) syn. synonym(ous) T. Text trans. transitive trsl. translated, translation t.t. technical term t.t.g. „ „ in grammar v. verse var. variant, various var.lect. various reading voc. vocative Wtb. Wörterbuch |
3. Typographical.
^ is a modifier
of an entry to append to a search term when using browser Find tool (Win: F3 or Ctrl+F),
it’s required to avoid confusion with the same words used inside other articles.
*(s)uel indicates a (reconstructed or conjectured) Indogermanic root.
The meaning of all other abbreviations may easily be inferred from the context.